What is TMJ?
The lower jaw connects to the temporal bone via two temporomandibular joints (TMJ). These joints, alongside their interconnected muscles, ligaments, and tendons, collaborate to facilitate essential oral functions like chewing, speaking, and yawning. Within the TMJ lies a soft disc that serves as a cushion between the lower jaw and the temporal bone, ensuring seamless movements in multiple directions. Because of its intricate structure, the TMJ is often deemed one of the most intricate joints to address when problems arise.
Different Types and Symptoms of TMJ Disorders
TMJ disorders can be classified into any of the three categories mentioned below:
- Myofascial pain is characterized by discomfort in the jaw joint area caused by heightened muscle tension and spasms resulting from different factors.
- Internal derangement refers to the condition where the disc is displaced, the jaw is dislocated, or there is trauma to the condyles of the jaw.
- Arthritis - a condition characterized by degenerative joint disease.
The risk of developing a TMJ problem is higher if you grind your teeth or have bruxism for a long time, have had a jaw injury, or have certain types of arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Additionally, the symptoms of a TMJ disorder can vary greatly from person to person and may include earaches, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), headaches, back and neck pain, dizziness, muscle spasms, joint tenderness, jaw pain, popping or grating sounds when moving the jaw, jaw locking, and limited jaw movement. While some people may find relief from a TMJ disorder in a short period of time, others may continue to experience symptoms despite extensive therapy.
Diagnosis and Treatment
When assessing for the presence of a TMJ disorder, the dentist will conduct a thorough clinical evaluation of joint symptoms and function. Additional diagnostic tests, including special radiographic imaging, will be ordered if necessary. Treatment options for a TMJ disorder may involve the use of oral appliances like night guards or stabilization splints to reduce strain on the joints. Other forms of therapy may include steroid injections, occlusal adjustments, and orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment to improve the alignment of the teeth. In severe cases, surgery may be recommended.
Self-care methods can be beneficial in relieving some of the symptoms associated with a TMJ disorder. Patients are typically advised to consume soft foods, avoid excessive jaw movements such as wide yawning and gum chewing, practice stress reduction and relaxation techniques, and apply ice packs or moist heat as instructed. If recommended, patients should follow the gentle stretching exercises provided by their dentist or therapist. Over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pain medications may offer temporary relief. If these are not effective, the dentist or physician may prescribe stronger pain or anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, or anti-depressants.