What is TMJ?
The lower jaw is linked to the temporal bone through two temporomandibular joints (TMJ). These joints, in collaboration with their associated muscles, ligaments, and tendons, synergistically facilitate essential oral functions like chewing, speaking, and yawning. Within the TMJ, a soft disc acts as a shock absorber, facilitating smooth movements in all directions between the lower jaw and the temporal bone. Due to its intricate nature, the TMJ is commonly acknowledged as one of the most challenging joints to address when issues arise.
Different Types and Symptoms of TMJ Disorders
TMJ disorders can be classified into any of the three categories mentioned below:
TMJ disorders are broadly categorized into three groups:
1. Myofascial pain: This type of TMJ disorder manifests as discomfort in the jaw joint area, stemming from increased muscle tension and spasms triggered by various factors.
2. Internal derangement: Conditions in this category involve the displacement of the jaw disc, jaw dislocation, or trauma to the jaw condyles.
3. Arthritis: Arthritis denotes degenerative joint disease, which can also impact the TMJ.
Several factors heighten the risk of developing a TMJ problem, including a history of teeth grinding or bruxism, prior jaw injuries, and specific types of arthritis like rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis.
Symptoms of TMJ disorders vary widely among individuals and may encompass earaches, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), headaches, back and neck pain, dizziness, muscle spasms, joint tenderness, jaw pain, popping or grating sounds during jaw movement, jaw locking, and restricted jaw movement.
While some individuals may experience relief from a TMJ disorder in a short period, others may persist with symptoms despite undergoing extensive therapy.
Diagnosis and Treatment
The dentist will conduct a comprehensive evaluation of joint symptoms and function to assess the presence of a TMJ disorder. Additional diagnostic tests, such as specialized radiographic imaging, may be prescribed if deemed necessary. Treatment options for a TMJ disorder may involve the use of oral appliances, such as night guards or stabilization splints, to alleviate strain on the joints. Other approaches may include steroid injections, occlusal adjustments, and orthodontic or prosthodontic interventions aimed at improving teeth alignment. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be recommended.
Self-care methods can help alleviate some TMJ disorder symptoms. Patients are encouraged to consume soft foods, refrain from excessive jaw movements like wide yawning and gum chewing, practice stress reduction and relaxation techniques, and apply ice packs or moist heat as directed. The dentist or therapist may recommend gentle stretching exercises. Over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pain medications can offer temporary relief. If these prove ineffective, the dentist or physician may prescribe stronger pain or anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, or anti-depressants.