What is TMJ?
Two temporomandibular joints connect the lower jaw to the temporal bone. These joints, along with their associated muscles, ligaments, and tendons, collaborate to facilitate essential oral functions like chewing, speaking, and yawning. Within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a soft disc functions as a shock absorber between the lower jaw and the temporal bone, enabling smooth movements in all directions. Due to its intricate structure, the TMJ is frequently regarded as one of the most complex joints to address when issues arise.
Different Types and Symptoms of TMJ Disorders
TMJ disorders can be classified into any of the three categories mentioned below:
- Myofascial pain is characterized by discomfort in the jaw joint area caused by heightened muscle tension and spasms resulting from different factors.
- Internal derangement refers to the condition where the disc is displaced, the jaw is dislocated, or there is trauma to the condyles of the jaw.
- Arthritis - a condition characterized by degenerative joint disease.
The likelihood of developing a TMJ problem is heightened if you have a history of teeth grinding or bruxism, experienced a jaw injury, or have certain forms of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis. Additionally, symptoms of a TMJ disorder can vary significantly among individuals and may encompass earaches, ringing in the ears (tinnitus), headaches, back and neck pain, dizziness, muscle spasms, joint tenderness, jaw pain, popping or grating sounds when moving the jaw, jaw locking, and limited jaw movement. While some individuals may find relief from a TMJ disorder relatively quickly, others may continue to experience symptoms despite extensive therapy.
Diagnosis and Treatment
When assessing for the presence of a TMJ disorder, the dentist conducts a comprehensive clinical evaluation of joint symptoms and function. If necessary, additional diagnostic tests, including specialized radiographic imaging, may be ordered. Treatment options for a TMJ disorder may involve the use of oral appliances such as night guards or stabilization splints to alleviate strain on the joints. Other therapeutic approaches may include steroid injections, occlusal adjustments, and orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment to enhance the alignment of the teeth. In severe cases, surgery may be considered.
Self-care methods can be beneficial in alleviating some of the symptoms associated with a TMJ disorder. Patients are typically advised to stick to soft foods, avoid excessive jaw movements such as wide yawning and gum chewing, practice stress reduction and relaxation techniques, and apply ice packs or moist heat as instructed. If recommended, patients should follow gentle stretching exercises provided by their dentist or therapist. Over-the-counter non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pain medications may provide temporary relief. If these are ineffective, the dentist or physician may prescribe stronger pain or anti-inflammatory medications, muscle relaxants, or anti-depressants.